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Language and Cognition (Part 4) By Steven Pinker Phonology – formation rules that govern sound pattern in language Accent – when phonology rules are carried from one language to another Poetry and Rhetoric – deliberate manipulation of the rules of phonology Language Interfaces -sequences of language get into the brain during speech comprehension, and have to get out during speech production 1. Speech Production Anatomy and Physiology of Voice Production Peculiarity of Human Vocal Tract - “Charles Darwin noted that the larynx over the course of human evolution has descended in the throat so that every particle of food going from the mouth through the esophagus to the stomach has to pass over the opening into the larynx with some probability of being inhaled leading to the danger of de@th by ch0king. . . [maladaptive arrangement of human vocal tract]” *Why did we evolve a mouth and throat that leave us vulnerable to ch0king? >”a plausible hypothesis is that it’s a compromise that was made in the course of evolution to allow us to speak. By giving range to a variety of possibilities for altering the resonant cavities, for moving the tongue back and forth and up and down, we expanded the range of speech sounds we could make, improve the efficiency of language” (i.e., having more sound options makes language more efficient) Source: Big Think, “Steven Pinker: Linguistics as a Window to Understanding the Brain” https://youtu.be/Q-B_ONJIEcE?si=gU184l-IuEeHrAea #language #cognition #stevenpinker #phonology #accent #interfaces #speechproduction #anatomy #physiology #voice #evolution